/**
 * Copyright (c) 2007-2016 Kevin van Zonneveld (https://kvz.io)
 * and Contributors (https://locutus.io/authors)
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
 * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
 * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
 * use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
 * of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
 * so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
 * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 * SOFTWARE.
 */
function sprintf () {
  //  discuss at: https://locutus.io/php/sprintf/
  // original by: Ash Searle (https://hexmen.com/blog/)
  // improved by: Michael White (https://getsprink.com)
  // improved by: Jack
  // improved by: Kevin van Zonneveld (https://kvz.io)
  // improved by: Kevin van Zonneveld (https://kvz.io)
  // improved by: Kevin van Zonneveld (https://kvz.io)
  // improved by: Dj
  // improved by: Allidylls
  //    input by: Paulo Freitas
  //    input by: Brett Zamir (https://brett-zamir.me)
  // improved by: Rafał Kukawski (https://kukawski.pl)
  //   example 1: sprintf("%01.2f", 123.1)
  //   returns 1: '123.10'
  //   example 2: sprintf("[%10s]", 'monkey')
  //   returns 2: '[    monkey]'
  //   example 3: sprintf("[%'#10s]", 'monkey')
  //   returns 3: '[####monkey]'
  //   example 4: sprintf("%d", 123456789012345)
  //   returns 4: '123456789012345'
  //   example 5: sprintf('%-03s', 'E')
  //   returns 5: 'E00'
  //   example 6: sprintf('%+010d', 9)
  //   returns 6: '+000000009'
  //   example 7: sprintf('%+0\'@10d', 9)
  //   returns 7: '@@@@@@@@+9'
  //   example 8: sprintf('%.f', 3.14)
  //   returns 8: '3.140000'
  //   example 9: sprintf('%% %2$d', 1, 2)
  //   returns 9: '% 2'

  var regex = /%%|%(?:(\d+)\$)?((?:[-+#0 ]|'[\s\S])*)(\d+)?(?:\.(\d*))?([\s\S])/g
  var args = arguments
  var i = 0
  var format = args[i++]

  var _pad = function (str, len, chr, leftJustify) {
    if (!chr) {
      chr = ' '
    }
    var padding = (str.length >= len) ? '' : new Array(1 + len - str.length >>> 0).join(chr)
    return leftJustify ? str + padding : padding + str
  }

  var justify = function (value, prefix, leftJustify, minWidth, padChar) {
    var diff = minWidth - value.length
    if (diff > 0) {
      // when padding with zeros
      // on the left side
      // keep sign (+ or -) in front
      if (!leftJustify && padChar === '0') {
        value = [
          value.slice(0, prefix.length),
          _pad('', diff, '0', true),
          value.slice(prefix.length)
        ].join('')
      } else {
        value = _pad(value, minWidth, padChar, leftJustify)
      }
    }
    return value
  }

  var _formatBaseX = function (value, base, leftJustify, minWidth, precision, padChar) {
    // Note: casts negative numbers to positive ones
    var number = value >>> 0
    value = _pad(number.toString(base), precision || 0, '0', false)
    return justify(value, '', leftJustify, minWidth, padChar)
  }

  // _formatString()
  var _formatString = function (value, leftJustify, minWidth, precision, customPadChar) {
    if (precision !== null && precision !== undefined) {
      value = value.slice(0, precision)
    }
    return justify(value, '', leftJustify, minWidth, customPadChar)
  }

  // doFormat()
  var doFormat = function (substring, argIndex, modifiers, minWidth, precision, specifier) {
    var number, prefix, method, textTransform, value

    if (substring === '%%') {
      return '%'
    }

    // parse modifiers
    var padChar = ' ' // pad with spaces by default
    var leftJustify = false
    var positiveNumberPrefix = ''
    var j, l

    for (j = 0, l = modifiers.length; j < l; j++) {
      switch (modifiers.charAt(j)) {
        case ' ':
        case '0':
          padChar = modifiers.charAt(j)
          break
        case '+':
          positiveNumberPrefix = '+'
          break
        case '-':
          leftJustify = true
          break
        case "'":
          if (j + 1 < l) {
            padChar = modifiers.charAt(j + 1)
            j++
          }
          break
      }
    }

    if (!minWidth) {
      minWidth = 0
    } else {
      minWidth = +minWidth
    }

    if (!isFinite(minWidth)) {
      throw new Error('Width must be finite')
    }

    if (!precision) {
      precision = (specifier === 'd') ? 0 : 'fFeE'.indexOf(specifier) > -1 ? 6 : undefined
    } else {
      precision = +precision
    }

    if (argIndex && +argIndex === 0) {
      throw new Error('Argument number must be greater than zero')
    }

    if (argIndex && +argIndex >= args.length) {
      throw new Error('Too few arguments')
    }

    value = argIndex ? args[+argIndex] : args[i++]

    switch (specifier) {
      case '%':
        return '%'
      case 's':
        return _formatString(value + '', leftJustify, minWidth, precision, padChar)
      case 'c':
        return _formatString(String.fromCharCode(+value), leftJustify, minWidth, precision, padChar)
      case 'b':
        return _formatBaseX(value, 2, leftJustify, minWidth, precision, padChar)
      case 'o':
        return _formatBaseX(value, 8, leftJustify, minWidth, precision, padChar)
      case 'x':
        return _formatBaseX(value, 16, leftJustify, minWidth, precision, padChar)
      case 'X':
        return _formatBaseX(value, 16, leftJustify, minWidth, precision, padChar)
          .toUpperCase()
      case 'u':
        return _formatBaseX(value, 10, leftJustify, minWidth, precision, padChar)
      case 'i':
      case 'd':
        number = +value || 0
        // Plain Math.round doesn't just truncate
        number = Math.round(number - number % 1)
        prefix = number < 0 ? '-' : positiveNumberPrefix
        value = prefix + _pad(String(Math.abs(number)), precision, '0', false)

        if (leftJustify && padChar === '0') {
          // can't right-pad 0s on integers
          padChar = ' '
        }
        return justify(value, prefix, leftJustify, minWidth, padChar)
      case 'e':
      case 'E':
      case 'f': // @todo: Should handle locales (as per setlocale)
      case 'F':
      case 'g':
      case 'G':
        number = +value
        prefix = number < 0 ? '-' : positiveNumberPrefix
        method = ['toExponential', 'toFixed', 'toPrecision']['efg'.indexOf(specifier.toLowerCase())]
        textTransform = ['toString', 'toUpperCase']['eEfFgG'.indexOf(specifier) % 2]
        value = prefix + Math.abs(number)[method](precision)
        return justify(value, prefix, leftJustify, minWidth, padChar)[textTransform]()
      default:
        // unknown specifier, consume that char and return empty
        return ''
    }
  }

  try {
    return format.replace(regex, doFormat)
  } catch (err) {
    return false
  }
}