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<section id="softnet-driver-issues">
<h1>Softnet Driver Issues<a class="headerlink" href="#softnet-driver-issues" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<section id="probing-guidelines">
<h2>Probing guidelines<a class="headerlink" href="#probing-guidelines" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="address-validation">
<h3>Address validation<a class="headerlink" href="#address-validation" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>Any hardware layer address you obtain for your device should
be verified.  For example, for ethernet check it with
linux/etherdevice.h:<a class="reference internal" href="kapi.html#c.is_valid_ether_addr" title="is_valid_ether_addr"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">is_valid_ether_addr()</span></code></a></p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="close-stop-guidelines">
<h2>Close/stop guidelines<a class="headerlink" href="#close-stop-guidelines" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="quiescence">
<h3>Quiescence<a class="headerlink" href="#quiescence" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>After the ndo_stop routine has been called, the hardware must
not receive or transmit any data.  All in flight packets must
be aborted. If necessary, poll or wait for completion of
any reset commands.</p>
</section>
<section id="auto-close">
<h3>Auto-close<a class="headerlink" href="#auto-close" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The ndo_stop routine will be called by unregister_netdevice
if device is still UP.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="transmit-path-guidelines">
<h2>Transmit path guidelines<a class="headerlink" href="#transmit-path-guidelines" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="stop-queues-in-advance">
<h3>Stop queues in advance<a class="headerlink" href="#stop-queues-in-advance" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The ndo_start_xmit method must not return NETDEV_TX_BUSY under
any normal circumstances.  It is considered a hard error unless
there is no way your device can tell ahead of time when its
transmit function will become busy.</p>
<p>Instead it must maintain the queue properly.  For example,
for a driver implementing scatter-gather this means:</p>
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">u32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">drv_tx_avail</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">drv_ring</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">dr</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">u32</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">used</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">READ_ONCE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dr</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">prod</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">READ_ONCE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dr</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">cons</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dr</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">tx_ring_size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">used</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bp</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">tx_ring_mask</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>

<span class="k">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">netdev_tx_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">drv_hard_start_xmit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">sk_buff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">skb</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w">                                       </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">net_device</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">drv</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">dp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">netdev_priv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">netdev_queue</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">txq</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">drv_ring</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">dr</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">skb_get_queue_mapping</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">skb</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">dr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dp</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">tx_rings</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">txq</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">netdev_get_tx_queue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">idx</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1">//...</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="cm">/* This should be a very rare race - log it. */</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">drv_tx_avail</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dr</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">skb_shinfo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">skb</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">nr_frags</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">netif_stop_queue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">netdev_warn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;Tx Ring full when queue awake!</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">                </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NETDEV_TX_BUSY</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span>

<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1">//... queue packet to card ...</span>

<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">netdev_tx_sent_queue</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">txq</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">skb</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">len</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1">//... update tx producer index using WRITE_ONCE() ...</span>

<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">netif_txq_maybe_stop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">txq</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">drv_tx_avail</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dr</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="w">                                  </span><span class="n">MAX_SKB_FRAGS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAX_SKB_FRAGS</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">dr</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">stats</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">stopped</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1">//...</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NETDEV_TX_OK</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>And then at the end of your TX reclamation event handling:</p>
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">//... update tx consumer index using WRITE_ONCE() ...</span>

<span class="n">netif_txq_completed_wake</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">txq</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cmpl_pkts</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">cmpl_bytes</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w">                         </span><span class="n">drv_tx_avail</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dr</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MAX_SKB_FRAGS</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<section id="lockless-queue-stop-wake-helper-macros">
<h4>Lockless queue stop / wake helper macros<a class="headerlink" href="#lockless-queue-stop-wake-helper-macros" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h4>
<p>The <code class="xref c c-func broken_xref docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netif_txq_maybe_stop()</span></code> and <code class="xref c c-func broken_xref docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__netif_txq_completed_wake()</span></code>
macros are designed to safely implement stopping
and waking netdev queues without full lock protection.</p>
<p>We assume that there can be no concurrent stop attempts and no concurrent
wake attempts. The try-stop should happen from the xmit handler,
while wake up should be triggered from NAPI poll context.
The two may run concurrently (single producer, single consumer).</p>
<p>The try-stop side is expected to run from the xmit handler and therefore
it does not reschedule Tx (<code class="xref c c-func broken_xref docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netif_tx_start_queue()</span></code> instead of
<code class="xref c c-func broken_xref docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">netif_tx_wake_queue()</span></code>). Uses of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stop</span></code> macros outside of the xmit
handler may lead to xmit queue being enabled but not run.
The waking side does not have similar context restrictions.</p>
<p>The macros guarantee that rings will not remain stopped if there’s
space available, but they do <em>not</em> prevent false wake ups when
the ring is full! Drivers should check for ring full at the start
for the xmit handler.</p>
<p>All descriptor ring indexes (and other relevant shared state) must
be updated before invoking the macros.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="no-exclusive-ownership">
<h3>No exclusive ownership<a class="headerlink" href="#no-exclusive-ownership" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>An ndo_start_xmit method must not modify the shared parts of a
cloned SKB.</p>
</section>
<section id="timely-completions">
<h3>Timely completions<a class="headerlink" href="#timely-completions" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>Do not forget that once you return NETDEV_TX_OK from your
ndo_start_xmit method, it is your driver’s responsibility to free
up the SKB and in some finite amount of time.</p>
<p>For example, this means that it is not allowed for your TX
mitigation scheme to let TX packets “hang out” in the TX
ring unreclaimed forever if no new TX packets are sent.
This error can deadlock sockets waiting for send buffer room
to be freed up.</p>
<p>If you return NETDEV_TX_BUSY from the ndo_start_xmit method, you
must not keep any reference to that SKB and you must not attempt
to free it up.</p>
</section>
</section>
</section>


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