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<section id="kernel-driver-lm93">
<h1>Kernel driver lm93<a class="headerlink" href="#kernel-driver-lm93" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<p>Supported chips:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul>
<li><p>National Semiconductor LM93</p>
<p>Prefix ‘lm93’</p>
<p>Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c-0x2e</p>
<p>Datasheet: <a class="reference external" href="http://www.national.com/ds.cgi/LM/LM93.pdf">http://www.national.com/ds.cgi/LM/LM93.pdf</a></p>
</li>
<li><p>National Semiconductor LM94</p>
<p>Prefix ‘lm94’</p>
<p>Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c-0x2e</p>
<p>Datasheet: <a class="reference external" href="http://www.national.com/ds.cgi/LM/LM94.pdf">http://www.national.com/ds.cgi/LM/LM94.pdf</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>Authors:</dt><dd><ul class="simple">
<li><p>Mark M. Hoffman <<a class="reference external" href="mailto:mhoffman%40lightlink.com">mhoffman<span>@</span>lightlink<span>.</span>com</a>></p></li>
<li><p>Ported to 2.6 by Eric J. Bowersox <<a class="reference external" href="mailto:ericb%40aspsys.com">ericb<span>@</span>aspsys<span>.</span>com</a>></p></li>
<li><p>Adapted to 2.6.20 by Carsten Emde <<a class="reference external" href="mailto:ce%40osadl.org">ce<span>@</span>osadl<span>.</span>org</a>></p></li>
<li><p>Modified for mainline integration by Hans J. Koch <<a class="reference external" href="mailto:hjk%40hansjkoch.de">hjk<span>@</span>hansjkoch<span>.</span>de</a>></p></li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<section id="module-parameters">
<h2>Module Parameters<a class="headerlink" href="#module-parameters" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>init: integer
Set to non-zero to force some initializations (default is 0).</p></li>
<li><p>disable_block: integer
A “0” allows SMBus block data transactions if the host supports them. A “1”
disables SMBus block data transactions. The default is 0.</p></li>
<li><p>vccp_limit_type: integer array (2)
Configures in7 and in8 limit type, where 0 means absolute and non-zero
means relative. “Relative” here refers to “Dynamic Vccp Monitoring using
VID” from the datasheet. It greatly simplifies the interface to allow
only one set of limits (absolute or relative) to be in operation at a
time (even though the hardware is capable of enabling both). There’s
not a compelling use case for enabling both at once, anyway. The default
is “0,0”.</p></li>
<li><p>vid_agtl: integer
A “0” configures the VID pins for V(ih) = 2.1V min, V(il) = 0.8V max.
A “1” configures the VID pins for V(ih) = 0.8V min, V(il) = 0.4V max.
(The latter setting is referred to as AGTL+ Compatible in the datasheet.)
I.e. this parameter controls the VID pin input thresholds; if your VID
inputs are not working, try changing this. The default value is “0”.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="hardware-description">
<h2>Hardware Description<a class="headerlink" href="#hardware-description" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>(from the datasheet)</p>
<p>The LM93 hardware monitor has a two wire digital interface compatible with
SMBus 2.0. Using an 8-bit ADC, the LM93 measures the temperature of two remote
diode connected transistors as well as its own die and 16 power supply
voltages. To set fan speed, the LM93 has two PWM outputs that are each
controlled by up to four temperature zones. The fancontrol algorithm is lookup
table based. The LM93 includes a digital filter that can be invoked to smooth
temperature readings for better control of fan speed. The LM93 has four
tachometer inputs to measure fan speed. Limit and status registers for all
measured values are included. The LM93 builds upon the functionality of
previous motherboard management ASICs and uses some of the LM85’s features
(i.e. smart tachometer mode). It also adds measurement and control support
for dynamic Vccp monitoring and PROCHOT. It is designed to monitor a dual
processor Xeon class motherboard with a minimum of external components.</p>
<p>LM94 is also supported in LM93 compatible mode. Extra sensors and features of
LM94 are not supported.</p>
</section>
<section id="user-interface">
<h2>User Interface<a class="headerlink" href="#user-interface" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<section id="prochot">
<h3>#PROCHOT<a class="headerlink" href="#prochot" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The LM93 can monitor two #PROCHOT signals. The results are found in the
sysfs files prochot1, prochot2, prochot1_avg, prochot2_avg, prochot1_max,
and prochot2_max. prochot1_max and prochot2_max contain the user limits
for #PROCHOT1 and #PROCHOT2, respectively. prochot1 and prochot2 contain
the current readings for the most recent complete time interval. The
value of prochot1_avg and prochot2_avg is something like a 2 period
exponential moving average (but not quite - check the datasheet). Note
that this third value is calculated by the chip itself. All values range
from 0-255 where 0 indicates no throttling, and 255 indicates > 99.6%.</p>
<p>The monitoring intervals for the two #PROCHOT signals is also configurable.
These intervals can be found in the sysfs files prochot1_interval and
prochot2_interval. The values in these files specify the intervals for
#P1_PROCHOT and #P2_PROCHOT, respectively. Selecting a value not in this
list will cause the driver to use the next largest interval. The available
intervals are (in seconds):</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>#PROCHOT intervals:</dt><dd><p>0.73, 1.46, 2.9, 5.8, 11.7, 23.3, 46.6, 93.2, 186, 372</p>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>It is possible to configure the LM93 to logically short the two #PROCHOT
signals. I.e. when #P1_PROCHOT is asserted, the LM93 will automatically
assert #P2_PROCHOT, and vice-versa. This mode is enabled by writing a
non-zero integer to the sysfs file prochot_short.</p>
<p>The LM93 can also override the #PROCHOT pins by driving a PWM signal onto
one or both of them. When overridden, the signal has a period of 3.56 ms,
a minimum pulse width of 5 clocks (at 22.5kHz => 6.25% duty cycle), and
a maximum pulse width of 80 clocks (at 22.5kHz => 99.88% duty cycle).</p>
<p>The sysfs files prochot1_override and prochot2_override contain boolean
integers which enable or disable the override function for #P1_PROCHOT and
#P2_PROCHOT, respectively. The sysfs file prochot_override_duty_cycle
contains a value controlling the duty cycle for the PWM signal used when
the override function is enabled. This value ranges from 0 to 15, with 0
indicating minimum duty cycle and 15 indicating maximum.</p>
</section>
<section id="vrd-hot">
<h3>#VRD_HOT<a class="headerlink" href="#vrd-hot" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The LM93 can monitor two #VRD_HOT signals. The results are found in the
sysfs files vrdhot1 and vrdhot2. There is one value per file: a boolean for
which 1 indicates #VRD_HOT is asserted and 0 indicates it is negated. These
files are read-only.</p>
<p>Smart Tach Mode (from the datasheet):</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>If a fan is driven using a low-side drive PWM, the tachometer
output of the fan is corrupted. The LM93 includes smart tachometer
circuitry that allows an accurate tachometer reading to be
achieved despite the signal corruption. In smart tach mode all
four signals are measured within 4 seconds.
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Smart tach mode is enabled by the driver by writing 1 or 2 (associating the
fan tachometer with a pwm) to the sysfs file fan<n>_smart_tach. A zero
will disable the function for that fan. Note that Smart tach mode cannot be
enabled if the PWM output frequency is 22500 Hz (see below).</p>
</section>
<section id="manual-pwm">
<h3>Manual PWM<a class="headerlink" href="#manual-pwm" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The LM93 has a fixed or override mode for the two PWM outputs (although, there
are still some conditions that will override even this mode - see section
15.10.6 of the datasheet for details.) The sysfs files pwm1_override
and pwm2_override are used to enable this mode; each is a boolean integer
where 0 disables and 1 enables the manual control mode. The sysfs files pwm1
and pwm2 are used to set the manual duty cycle; each is an integer (0-255)
where 0 is 0% duty cycle, and 255 is 100%. Note that the duty cycle values
are constrained by the hardware. Selecting a value which is not available
will cause the driver to use the next largest value. Also note: when manual
PWM mode is disabled, the value of pwm1 and pwm2 indicates the current duty
cycle chosen by the h/w.</p>
</section>
<section id="pwm-output-frequency">
<h3>PWM Output Frequency<a class="headerlink" href="#pwm-output-frequency" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The LM93 supports several different frequencies for the PWM output channels.
The sysfs files pwm1_freq and pwm2_freq are used to select the frequency. The
frequency values are constrained by the hardware. Selecting a value which is
not available will cause the driver to use the next largest value. Also note
that this parameter has implications for the Smart Tach Mode (see above).</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>PWM Output Frequencies (in Hz):</dt><dd><p>12, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 22500 (default)</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section id="automatic-pwm">
<h3>Automatic PWM<a class="headerlink" href="#automatic-pwm" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The LM93 is capable of complex automatic fan control, with many different
points of configuration. To start, each PWM output can be bound to any
combination of eight control sources. The final PWM is the largest of all
individual control sources to which the PWM output is bound.</p>
<p>The eight control sources are: temp1-temp4 (aka “zones” in the datasheet),
#PROCHOT 1 & 2, and #VRDHOT 1 & 2. The bindings are expressed as a bitmask
in the sysfs files pwm<n>_auto_channels, where a “1” enables the binding, and
a “0” disables it. The h/w default is 0x0f (all temperatures bound).</p>
<blockquote>
<div><table class="docutils align-default">
<tbody>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>0x01</p></td>
<td><p>Temp 1</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>0x02</p></td>
<td><p>Temp 2</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>0x04</p></td>
<td><p>Temp 3</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>0x08</p></td>
<td><p>Temp 4</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>0x10</p></td>
<td><p>#PROCHOT 1</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>0x20</p></td>
<td><p>#PROCHOT 2</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>0x40</p></td>
<td><p>#VRDHOT 1</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>0x80</p></td>
<td><p>#VRDHOT 2</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div></blockquote>
<p>The function y = f(x) takes a source temperature x to a PWM output y. This
function of the LM93 is derived from a base temperature and a table of 12
temperature offsets. The base temperature is expressed in degrees C in the
sysfs files temp<n>_auto_base. The offsets are expressed in cumulative
degrees C, with the value of offset <i> for temperature value <n> being
contained in the file temp<n>_auto_offset<i>. E.g. if the base temperature
is 40C:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><table class="docutils align-default">
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>offset #</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>temp<n>_auto_offset<i></p></th>
<th class="head"><p>range</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>pwm</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><ul class="simple">
<li></li>
</ul>
</td>
<td><p>25.00%</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>0</p></td>
<td><ul class="simple">
<li></li>
</ul>
</td>
<td><p>28.57%</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>3</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>40C - 41C</p></td>
<td><p>32.14%</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>4</p></td>
<td><p>1</p></td>
<td><p>41C - 42C</p></td>
<td><p>35.71%</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>5</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>42C - 44C</p></td>
<td><p>39.29%</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>6</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>44C - 46C</p></td>
<td><p>42.86%</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>7</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>48C - 50C</p></td>
<td><p>46.43%</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>8</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>50C - 52C</p></td>
<td><p>50.00%</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>9</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>52C - 54C</p></td>
<td><p>53.57%</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>10</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>54C - 56C</p></td>
<td><p>57.14%</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>11</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>56C - 58C</p></td>
<td><p>71.43%</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>12</p></td>
<td><p>2</p></td>
<td><p>58C - 60C</p></td>
<td><p>85.71%</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><ul class="simple">
<li></li>
</ul>
</td>
<td><ul class="simple">
<li></li>
</ul>
</td>
<td><p>> 60C</p></td>
<td><p>100.00%</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Valid offsets are in the range 0C <= x <= 7.5C in 0.5C increments.</p>
<p>There is an independent base temperature for each temperature channel. Note,
however, there are only two tables of offsets: one each for temp[12] and
temp[34]. Therefore, any change to e.g. temp1_auto_offset<i> will also
affect temp2_auto_offset<i>.</p>
<p>The LM93 can also apply hysteresis to the offset table, to prevent unwanted
oscillation between two steps in the offsets table. These values are found in
the sysfs files temp<n>_auto_offset_hyst. The value in this file has the
same representation as in temp<n>_auto_offset<i>.</p>
<p>If a temperature reading falls below the base value for that channel, the LM93
will use the minimum PWM value. These values are found in the sysfs files
temp<n>_auto_pwm_min. Note, there are only two minimums: one each for temp[12]
and temp[34]. Therefore, any change to e.g. temp1_auto_pwm_min will also
affect temp2_auto_pwm_min.</p>
</section>
<section id="pwm-spin-up-cycle">
<h3>PWM Spin-Up Cycle<a class="headerlink" href="#pwm-spin-up-cycle" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>A spin-up cycle occurs when a PWM output is commanded from 0% duty cycle to
some value > 0%. The LM93 supports a minimum duty cycle during spin-up. These
values are found in the sysfs files pwm<n>_auto_spinup_min. The value in this
file has the same representation as other PWM duty cycle values. The
duration of the spin-up cycle is also configurable. These values are found in
the sysfs files pwm<n>_auto_spinup_time. The value in this file is
the spin-up time in seconds. The available spin-up times are constrained by
the hardware. Selecting a value which is not available will cause the driver
to use the next largest value.</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>Spin-up Durations:</dt><dd><p>0 (disabled, h/w default), 0.1, 0.25, 0.4, 0.7, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section id="prochot-and-vrdhot-pwm-ramping">
<h3>#PROCHOT and #VRDHOT PWM Ramping<a class="headerlink" href="#prochot-and-vrdhot-pwm-ramping" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>If the #PROCHOT or #VRDHOT signals are asserted while bound to a PWM output
channel, the LM93 will ramp the PWM output up to 100% duty cycle in discrete
steps. The duration of each step is configurable. There are two files, with
one value each in seconds: pwm_auto_prochot_ramp and pwm_auto_vrdhot_ramp.
The available ramp times are constrained by the hardware. Selecting a value
which is not available will cause the driver to use the next largest value.</p>
<dl class="simple">
<dt>Ramp Times:</dt><dd><p>0 (disabled, h/w default) to 0.75 in 0.05 second intervals</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section id="fan-boost">
<h3>Fan Boost<a class="headerlink" href="#fan-boost" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>For each temperature channel, there is a boost temperature: if the channel
exceeds this limit, the LM93 will immediately drive both PWM outputs to 100%.
This limit is expressed in degrees C in the sysfs files temp<n>_auto_boost.
There is also a hysteresis temperature for this function: after the boost
limit is reached, the temperature channel must drop below this value before
the boost function is disabled. This temperature is also expressed in degrees
C in the sysfs files temp<n>_auto_boost_hyst.</p>
</section>
<section id="gpio-pins">
<h3>GPIO Pins<a class="headerlink" href="#gpio-pins" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<p>The LM93 can monitor the logic level of four dedicated GPIO pins as well as the
four tach input pins. GPIO0-GPIO3 correspond to (fan) tach 1-4, respectively.
All eight GPIOs are read by reading the bitmask in the sysfs file gpio. The
LSB is GPIO0, and the MSB is GPIO7.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="lm93-unique-sysfs-files">
<h2>LM93 Unique sysfs Files<a class="headerlink" href="#lm93-unique-sysfs-files" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<table class="docutils align-default">
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>file</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>description</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>prochot<n></p></td>
<td><p>current #PROCHOT %</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>prochot<n>_avg</p></td>
<td><p>moving average #PROCHOT %</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>prochot<n>_max</p></td>
<td><p>limit #PROCHOT %</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>prochot_short</p></td>
<td><p>enable or disable logical #PROCHOT pin short</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>prochot<n>_override</p></td>
<td><p>force #PROCHOT assertion as PWM</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>prochot_override_duty_cycle</p></td>
<td><p>duty cycle for the PWM signal used when
#PROCHOT is overridden</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>prochot<n>_interval</p></td>
<td><p>#PROCHOT PWM sampling interval</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>vrdhot<n></p></td>
<td><p>0 means negated, 1 means asserted</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>fan<n>_smart_tach</p></td>
<td><p>enable or disable smart tach mode</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>pwm<n>_auto_channels</p></td>
<td><p>select control sources for PWM outputs</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>pwm<n>_auto_spinup_min</p></td>
<td><p>minimum duty cycle during spin-up</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>pwm<n>_auto_spinup_time</p></td>
<td><p>duration of spin-up</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>pwm_auto_prochot_ramp</p></td>
<td><p>ramp time per step when #PROCHOT asserted</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>pwm_auto_vrdhot_ramp</p></td>
<td><p>ramp time per step when #VRDHOT asserted</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>temp<n>_auto_base</p></td>
<td><p>temperature channel base</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>temp<n>_auto_offset[1-12]</p></td>
<td><p>temperature channel offsets</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>temp<n>_auto_offset_hyst</p></td>
<td><p>temperature channel offset hysteresis</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>temp<n>_auto_boost</p></td>
<td><p>temperature channel boost (PWMs to 100%)
limit</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>temp<n>_auto_boost_hyst</p></td>
<td><p>temperature channel boost hysteresis</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>gpio</p></td>
<td><p>input state of 8 GPIO pins; read-only</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
</section>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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