__  __    __   __  _____      _            _          _____ _          _ _ 
 |  \/  |   \ \ / / |  __ \    (_)          | |        / ____| |        | | |
 | \  / |_ __\ V /  | |__) | __ ___   ____ _| |_ ___  | (___ | |__   ___| | |
 | |\/| | '__|> <   |  ___/ '__| \ \ / / _` | __/ _ \  \___ \| '_ \ / _ \ | |
 | |  | | |_ / . \  | |   | |  | |\ V / (_| | ||  __/  ____) | | | |  __/ | |
 |_|  |_|_(_)_/ \_\ |_|   |_|  |_| \_/ \__,_|\__\___| |_____/|_| |_|\___V 2.1
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<section id="the-devpts-filesystem">
<h1>The Devpts Filesystem<a class="headerlink" href="#the-devpts-filesystem" title="Link to this heading">ΒΆ</a></h1>
<p>Each mount of the devpts filesystem is now distinct such that ptys
and their indices allocated in one mount are independent from ptys
and their indices in all other mounts.</p>
<p>All mounts of the devpts filesystem now create a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/pts/ptmx</span></code> node
with permissions <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0000</span></code>.</p>
<p>To retain backwards compatibility the a ptmx device node (aka any node
created with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mknod</span> <span class="pre">name</span> <span class="pre">c</span> <span class="pre">5</span> <span class="pre">2</span></code>) when opened will look for an instance
of devpts under the name <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pts</span></code> in the same directory as the ptmx device
node.</p>
<p>As an option instead of placing a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/ptmx</span></code> device node at <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/ptmx</span></code>
it is possible to place a symlink to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/pts/ptmx</span></code> at <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/ptmx</span></code> or
to bind mount <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/ptx/ptmx</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/ptmx</span></code>.  If you opt for using
the devpts filesystem in this manner devpts should be mounted with
the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ptmxmode=0666</span></code>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">chmod</span> <span class="pre">0666</span> <span class="pre">/dev/pts/ptmx</span></code> should be called.</p>
<p>Total count of pty pairs in all instances is limited by sysctls:</p>
<div class="highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>kernel.pty.max = 4096       - global limit
kernel.pty.reserve = 1024   - reserved for filesystems mounted from the initial mount namespace
kernel.pty.nr               - current count of ptys
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Per-instance limit could be set by adding mount option <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">max=&lt;count&gt;</span></code>.</p>
<p>This feature was added in kernel 3.4 together with
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sysctl</span> <span class="pre">kernel.pty.reserve</span></code>.</p>
<p>In kernels older than 3.4 sysctl <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">kernel.pty.max</span></code> works as per-instance limit.</p>
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