#! /usr/bin/perl


# Copyright (C) 1997-1999 Guy Maor <maor@debian.org>
#
# Copyright (C) 1995 Ted Hajek <tedhajek@boombox.micro.umn.edu>
#                    Ian A. Murdock <imurdock@gnu.ai.mit.edu>
#
# Thanks to Roland Bauerschmidt <rb@debian.org> for bugfixes and other
# improvements.
#
# The general scheme of this program was adapted from the original
# Debian "adduser" program by Ian A. Murdock <imurdock@gnu.ai.mit.edu>.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
# your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
# General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to:
#
#   Free Software Foundation
#   51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor
#   Boston, MA 02110
#   USA


use strict;
use warnings;

use Getopt::Long;

use Debian::AdduserCommon;

use constant RET_OK => 0; # OK
use constant RET_OBJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS => 1; # the user or group does already exist, so the requested action cannot be performed
use constant RET_INVALID_CHARS_IN_NAME => 1; # the provided name contains invalid characters
use constant RET_ADDUSER_ABORTED => 1;  # the program was aborted (eg via Ctrl+C)
use constant RET_INVALID_CALL => 1; # getopt returned with "false"

my $version = "3.134";

BEGIN {
    local $ENV{PERL_DL_NONLAZY}=1;
    eval 'use Locale::gettext';
    if ($@) {
        *gettext = sub { shift };
        *textdomain = sub { "" };
        *LC_MESSAGES = sub { 5 };
    }
    eval {
        require POSIX;
        import POSIX qw(setlocale);
    };
    if ($@) {
        *setlocale = sub { return 1 };
    }
    eval {
        require I18N::Langinfo;
        import I18N::Langinfo qw(langinfo YESEXPR NOEXPR);
    };
    if ($@) {
        *langinfo = sub { return shift; };
        *YESEXPR  = sub { "^[yY]" };
        *NOEXPR   = sub { "^[nN]" };
    }
}

setlocale(LC_MESSAGES, "");
textdomain("adduser");
my $yesexpr = langinfo(YESEXPR());

my %config;			# configuration hash

my $nogroup_id = getgrnam("nogroup") || 65534;
$0 =~ s+.*/++;

our $verbose = 1;		# should we be verbose?
my $name_check_level = 0;		# should we allow bad names?
my $ask_passwd = 1;		# ask for a passwd?
my $disabled_login = 0;		# leave the new account disabled?

our @configfiles;
our @defaults = undef;
our $found_group_opt = undef;
our $found_sys_opt = undef;
our $ingroup_name = undef;
our $new_firstgid = undef;
our $new_firstuid = undef;
our $new_comment = undef;
our $gid_option = undef;
our $primary_gid = undef;
our $new_lastgid = undef;
our $new_lastuid = undef;
our $new_uid = undef;
our $no_create_home = undef;
our $special_home = undef;
our $special_shell = undef;
our $add_extra_groups;
our $add_extra_groups_old;

# Global variables we need later
my $existing_user = undef;
my $existing_group = undef;
my $new_name = undef;
my $make_group_also = 0;
my $home_dir = undef;
my $undohome = undef;
my $undouser = undef;
my $undogroup = undef;
my $shell = undef;
my $first_uid = undef;
my $last_uid = undef;
my $first_gid = undef;
my $last_gid = undef;
my $dir_mode = undef;
my $perm = undef;
my %uid_pool;
my %gid_pool;

our @names;

GetOptions(
    'add-extra-groups' => \$add_extra_groups,
    'add_extra_groups' => \$add_extra_groups_old,
    'allow-all-names' => sub { $name_check_level = 2 },
    'allow-badname' => sub { $name_check_level = 1 unless $name_check_level },
    'allow-bad-names' => sub { $name_check_level = 1 unless $name_check_level },
    'comment=s' => \$new_comment,
    'conf|c=s' => \@configfiles,
    'debug' => sub { $verbose = 2 },
    'disabled-login' => sub { $disabled_login = 1; $ask_passwd = 0 },
    'disabled-password' => sub { $ask_passwd = 0 },
    'firstgid=i' => \$new_firstgid,
    'firstuid=i' => \$new_firstuid,
    'force-badname' => sub { $name_check_level = 1 unless $name_check_level },
    'gecos=s' => \$new_comment,
    'gid=i' => \$gid_option,
    'group' => \$found_group_opt,
    'help|h' => sub { &usage; exit },
    'home=s' => \$special_home,
    'ingroup=s' => \$ingroup_name,
    'lastgid=i' => \$new_lastgid,
    'lastuid=i' => \$new_lastuid,
    'no-create-home' => \$no_create_home,
    'quiet|q' => sub { $verbose = 0 },
    'shell=s' => \$special_shell,
    'system' => \$found_sys_opt,
    'uid=i' => \$new_uid,
    'verbose' => sub { $verbose = 1 },
    'version|v' => sub { &version; exit },
) or &usage_error;

# everyone can issue "--help" and "--version", but only root can go on
dief (gtx("Only root may add a user or group to the system.\n")) if ($> != 0);

if(!@configfiles) {
    @defaults = ("/etc/adduser.conf");
} else {
    @defaults = (@configfiles);
}

# detect the right mode
my $action = $0 eq "addgroup" ? "addgroup" : "adduser";
if (defined($found_sys_opt)) {
  $action = "addsysuser" if ($action eq "adduser");
  $action = "addsysgroup" if ($action eq "addgroup");
}

# explicitly set PATH, because super (1) cleans up the path and makes adduser unusable;
# this is also a good idea for sudo (which doesn't clean up)
$ENV{"PATH"}="/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin";
$ENV{"IFS"}=" \t\n";

############################
# checks related to @names #
############################


while (defined(my $arg = shift(@ARGV))) {
  push (@names, $arg);
}

if ( (! defined $names[0]) || length($names[0]) == 0 || @names > 2) {
    dief (gtx("Only one or two names allowed.\n"));
}


if (@names == 2) {	# must be addusertogroup
    if ($action eq "addsysuser" || $found_group_opt) {
        dief (gtx("Specify only one name in this mode.\n"))
    }
    if ($action eq "addgroup" or $action eq "addsysgroup") {
        dief (gtx("addgroup with two arguments is an unspecified operation.\n"));
    }
    $action = "addusertogroup";
    $existing_user = shift (@names);
    $existing_group = shift (@names);
}
else { # 1 parameter, must be adduser
    $new_name = shift (@names);
}

###################################
# check for consistent parameters #
###################################

if (!defined $add_extra_groups) {
    if( defined $add_extra_groups_old ) {
        $add_extra_groups = $add_extra_groups_old;
    } else {
        $add_extra_groups = 0;
    }
}

if ($action ne "addgroup" &&
    defined($found_group_opt) +defined($ingroup_name) +defined($gid_option) > 1 ) {
    dief (gtx("The --group, --ingroup, and --gid options are mutually exclusive.\n"));
}


if ((defined($special_home)) && ($special_home !~ m+^/+ )) {
  dief (gtx("The home dir must be an absolute path.\n"));
}

if (defined($special_home) && $verbose) {
    warnf gtx("Warning: The home dir %s you specified already exists.\n"),$special_home
      if (!defined($no_create_home) && -d $special_home);
    warnf gtx("Warning: The home dir %s you specified can't be accessed: %s\n"), $special_home, $!
      if (defined($no_create_home) && ! -d $special_home);
}


if ($found_group_opt) {
    if ($action eq "addsysuser") {
        $make_group_also = 1;
    }
    elsif ($found_sys_opt) {
        $action = "addsysgroup";
    }
    else {
        $action = "addgroup";
    }
}


$ENV{"VERBOSE"} = $verbose;
$ENV{"DEBUG"}   = $verbose;


# preseed configuration data and then read the config file
preseed_config(\@defaults,\%config);

# read the uid and gid pool
if ($config{"uid_pool"}) {
    read_pool ($config{"uid_pool"}, "uid", \%uid_pool);
}
if ($config{"gid_pool"}) {
    read_pool ($config{"gid_pool"}, "gid", \%gid_pool);
}

&checkname($new_name) if defined $new_name;
$SIG{'INT'} = $SIG{'QUIT'} = $SIG{'HUP'} = 'handler';

#####
# OK, we've processed the arguments.  $action equals one of the following,
# and the appropriate variables have been set:
#
# $action = "adduser"
#    $new_name                - the name of the new user.
#    $ingroup_name | $gid_option - the group to add the user to
#    $special_home, $new_uid, $new_comment - optional overrides
# $action = "addgroup"
#    $new_name                - the name of the new group
#    $gid_option                 - optional override
# $action = "addsysgroup"
#    $new_name                - the name of the new group
#    $gid_option                 - optional override
# $action = "addsysuser"
#    $new_name                - the name of the new user
#    $make_group_also | $ingroup_name | $gid_option | 0  - which group
#    $special_home, $new_uid, $new_comment - optional overrides
# $action = "addusertogroup"
#    $existing_user           - the user to be added
#    $existing_group          - the group to add her to
#####


#################
## addsysgroup ##
#################
if ($action eq "addsysgroup") {

    acquire_lock();
    # Check if requested group already exists and we can exit safely
    my $ret = existing_group_ok($new_name, $gid_option);

    if ($ret == 3) {
        warnf (gtx("The group `%s' already exists as a system group. Exiting.\n"), $new_name) if $verbose;
        exit RET_OK;
    }

    if ($ret == 1) {
        warnf (gtx("The group `%s' already exists and is not a system group. Exiting.\n"), $new_name);
        exit RET_OBJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
    }

    if ($ret == 2) {
        warnf (gtx("The group `%s' already exists, but has a different GID. Exiting.\n"), $new_name);
        exit RET_OBJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
    }

    if (defined($gid_option) && defined(getgrgid($gid_option))) {
        dief (gtx("The GID `%s' is already in use.\n"),$gid_option);
    }

    if (!defined($gid_option)) {
        $first_gid = $new_firstgid || $config{"first_system_gid"};
        $last_gid = $new_lastgid || $config{"last_system_gid"};
        $gid_option = &first_avail_gid($first_gid,
                           $last_gid,
                           $gid_pool{$new_name}{'id'});
        if ($gid_option == -1) {
            warnf gtx("No GID is available in the range %d-%d (FIRST_SYS_GID - LAST_SYS_GID).\n"),$first_gid,$last_gid;
            dief (gtx("The group `%s' was not created.\n"),$new_name);
        }
    }


    printf (gtx("Adding group `%s' (GID %d) ...\n"),$new_name,$gid_option) if $verbose;
    my $groupadd = &which('groupadd');
    &systemcall($groupadd, '-g', $gid_option, $new_name);
    release_lock(0);
    print (gtx("Done.\n")) if $verbose;
    exit RET_OK;
}


##############
## addgroup ##
##############
if ($action eq "addgroup") {
    acquire_lock();
    if (defined getgrnam($new_name)) {
        dief (gtx("The group `%s' already exists.\n"),$new_name);
    }
    if (defined($gid_option) && defined(getgrgid($gid_option))) {
        dief (gtx("The GID `%s' is already in use.\n"),$gid_option)
    }
    if (!defined($gid_option)) {
        $first_gid = $new_firstgid || $config{"first_gid"};
        $last_gid = $new_lastgid || $config{"last_gid"};
        debugf( "Searching for gid with first_gid=%s, last_gid=%s, new_name=%s, gid_pool=%s",
                $first_gid,
                $last_gid,
                $new_name,
                $gid_pool{$new_name}{'id'}
            );
        $gid_option = &first_avail_gid($first_gid,
                           $last_gid,
                           $gid_pool{$new_name}{'id'});

        if ($gid_option == -1) {
            print STDERR "$0: ";
            printf STDERR gtx("No GID is available in the range %d-%d (FIRST_GID - LAST_GID).\n"),$first_gid,$last_gid;
            dief (gtx("The group `%s' was not created.\n"),$new_name);
        }
    }

    printf (gtx("Adding group `%s' (GID %d) ...\n"),$new_name,$gid_option) if $verbose;
    my $groupadd = &which('groupadd');
    &systemcall($groupadd, '-g', $gid_option, $new_name);
    release_lock(0);
    print (gtx("Done.\n")) if $verbose;
    exit RET_OK;
}


####################
## addusertogroup ##
####################
if ($action eq 'addusertogroup') {

    dief(gtx("The user `%s' does not exist.\n"), $existing_user) if (!defined getpwnam($existing_user));
    dief(gtx("The group `%s' does not exist.\n"), $existing_group) if (!defined getgrnam($existing_group));

    if (&user_is_member($existing_user, $existing_group)) {
        warnf gtx("The user `%s' is already a member of `%s'.\n"), $existing_user, $existing_group if $verbose;
        exit RET_OK;
    }

    printf gtx("Adding user `%s' to group `%s' ...\n"), $existing_user, $existing_group if $verbose;

    acquire_lock();
    &systemcall('/usr/sbin/usermod', '-a', '-G', $existing_group, $existing_user);
    release_lock();

    print gtx("Done.\n") if $verbose;
    exit RET_OK;
}

################
## addsysuser ##
################
if ($action eq "addsysuser") {
    acquire_lock();
    if (existing_user_ok($new_name, $new_uid) == 1) {

        # a user with this name already exists; it's a problem when it's not a system user
        my $tmp_u = getpwnam($new_name);
        if (($tmp_u >= $config{"first_system_uid"}) and ($tmp_u <= $config{"last_system_uid"})) {
            printf (gtx("The system user `%s' already exists. Exiting.\n"), $new_name) if $verbose;
            exit RET_OK
        }
        warnf (gtx("The user `%s' already exists, but is not a system user. Exiting.\n"), $new_name);
        exit RET_OBJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
    }
    if (existing_user_ok($new_name, $new_uid) == 2) {
        warnf (gtx("The user `%s' already exists with a different UID. Exiting.\n"), $new_name);
        exit RET_OBJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS;
    }

    if (!$ingroup_name && !defined($gid_option) && !$make_group_also) {
      $gid_option = $nogroup_id;
    }
    check_user_group(1);

    if (!defined($new_uid) && $make_group_also) {
        $new_uid = &first_avail_uid($new_firstuid || $config{"first_system_uid"},
                                    $new_lastuid || $config{"last_system_uid"},
                                    $uid_pool{$new_name}{'id'});
        if ($new_uid == -1) {
            warnf gtx("No UID/GID pair is available in the range %d-%d (FIRST_SYS_UID - LAST_SYS_UID).\n"),$config{"first_system_uid"},$config{"last_system_uid"};
            dief (gtx("The user `%s' was not created.\n"),$new_name);
        }
        $gid_option = &first_avail_gid($new_firstgid || $config{"first_system_gid"},
                                       $new_lastgid || $config{"last_system_gid"},
                                       $gid_pool{$new_name}{'id'});
        $ingroup_name = $new_name;
    }
    elsif (!defined($new_uid) && !$make_group_also) {
        $new_uid = &first_avail_uid($new_firstuid || $config{"first_system_uid"},
                                    $new_lastuid || $config{"last_system_uid"},
                                    $uid_pool{$new_name}{'id'});
        if ($new_uid == -1) {
            warnf gtx("No UID is available in the range %d-%d (FIRST_SYS_UID - LAST_SYS_UID).\n"),$config{"first_system_uid"},$config{"last_system_uid"};
            dief (gtx("The user `%s' was not created.\n"),$new_name);
        }
        if (defined($gid_option)) { $ingroup_name = getgrgid($gid_option); }
        elsif ($ingroup_name) { $gid_option = getgrnam($ingroup_name); }
        else { dief (gtx("Internal error\n")); }
    }
    else {
        if (defined($gid_option)) { $ingroup_name = getgrgid($gid_option); }
        elsif ($ingroup_name) { $gid_option = getgrnam($ingroup_name); }
        elsif ($make_group_also){ $gid_option=$new_uid; $ingroup_name=$new_name; }
        else { dief (gtx("Internal error\n")); }
    }
    printf (gtx("Adding system user `%s' (UID %d) ...\n"),$new_name,$new_uid) if $verbose;

    # if we reach this point, and the group does already exist, we can use it.
    if ($make_group_also && !getgrnam($new_name)) {
        printf (gtx("Adding new group `%s' (GID %d) ...\n"),$new_name,$gid_option) if $verbose;
        $undogroup = $new_name;
        my $groupadd = &which('groupadd');
        &systemcall($groupadd, '-g', $gid_option, $new_name);
    }

    printf gtx("Adding new user `%s' (UID %d) with group `%s' ...\n"),$new_name,$new_uid,$ingroup_name
        if $verbose;
    $home_dir = $special_home || $uid_pool{$new_name}{'home'} || '/nonexistent';
    $no_create_home = $home_dir =~ /^\/+nonexistent(\/|$)/ ? 1 : $no_create_home;

    $shell = $special_shell || $uid_pool{$new_name}{'shell'} || '/usr/sbin/nologin';
    $undouser = $new_name;

    &systemcall('/usr/sbin/useradd', '-r',
        '-K', sprintf('SYS_UID_MIN=%d', $new_firstuid || $config{'first_system_uid'}),
        '-K', sprintf('SYS_UID_MAX=%d', $new_lastuid || $config{'last_system_uid'}),
        '-d', $home_dir,
        '-g', $ingroup_name,
        '-s', $shell,
        '-u', $new_uid,
        $new_name);

    release_lock(0);

    if (defined($new_comment)) {
        &ch_comment($new_comment);
    } elsif ($uid_pool{$new_name}{'comment'}) {
        &ch_comment($uid_pool{$new_name}{'comment'});
    }

    $primary_gid = $gid_option;
    create_homedir(0);

    exit RET_OK;
}


#############
## adduser ##
#############
if ($action eq "adduser") {
    acquire_lock();

    $primary_gid=-1;
    my @supplemental_groups=();

    debugf( "new_uid %s\n", $new_uid );
    debugf( "ingroup_name %s, gid_option %s\n", $ingroup_name, $gid_option );
    debugf( "usergroups %s\n", $config{"usergroups"} );
    debugf( "users_gid %s, users_group %s\n", $config{"users_gid"}, $config{"users_group"} );
    debugf( "primary_gid %s, supplemental groups %s\n", $primary_gid, join(", ",@supplemental_groups) );
    if( defined($config{"users_gid"}) && defined($config{"users_group"}) ) {
        warnf gtx("USERS_GID and USERS_GROUP both given in configuration. This is an error.\n");
        dief (gtx("The user `%s' was not created.\n"),$new_name);
    }

    if ($config{"usergroups"} =~  /yes/i) {
        debugf( "config usergroups == yes code path\n" );
        $make_group_also = 1;
        if( $gid_option ) {
            $make_group_also = 0;
            $primary_gid = $gid_option;
            debugf( "gid_option defined %s, make_group_also 0, primary_gid=gid_option\n", $gid_option );
        }
        if( $ingroup_name ) {
            $make_group_also = 0;
            $primary_gid = getgrnam($ingroup_name);
            debugf( "ingroup_name defined %s, make_group_also 0, primary_gid %s\n", $gid_option, $primary_gid );
        }
        debugf( "make_group_also %s, primary_gid %s\n", $make_group_also, $primary_gid );
        if( defined( $primary_gid) && $primary_gid == -1 && $make_group_also == 0 ) {
            if (defined($config{"users_gid"}) && $config{"users_gid"} != -1) {
                my @grgid=getgrgid($config{"users_gid"});
                my $grname=$grgid[0];
                debugf( "set primary_gid to users_gid %s %s\n", $config{"users_gid"}, $grname);
                $primary_gid = $config{"users_gid"};
            } elsif (defined($config{"users_gid"}) && $config{"users_gid"} == -1) {
                # nothing
            } else {
                my $primary_group="users";
                if (defined($config{"users_group"})) {
                    $primary_group=$config{"users_group"};
                }
                $primary_gid=getgrnam($primary_group);
                debugf( "set primary_gid to users_group %s %s\n", $primary_gid, $primary_group);
            }
        } else {
            if (defined($config{"users_gid"}) && $config{"users_gid"} != -1) {
                my @grgid=getgrgid($config{"users_gid"});
                my $grname=$grgid[0];
                debugf( "push users_gid %s %s to supplemental_groups\n", $config{"users_gid"}, $grname);
                push(@supplemental_groups, $grname);
            } elsif (defined($config{"users_gid"}) && $config{"users_gid"} == -1) {
                # nothing
            } else {
                my $supp_group="users";
                if (defined($config{"users_group"})) {
                    $supp_group=$config{"users_group"};
                }
                debugf( "push %s to supplemental_groups\n", $supp_group );
                push(@supplemental_groups, $supp_group);
            }
        }
    } else {
        debugf( "config usergroups != yes code path\n" );
        if( defined($ingroup_name) ) {
            $primary_gid=getgrnam($ingroup_name);
        } elsif (defined($config{"users_gid"})) {
            debugf( "primary_gid = users_gid = %d\n", $primary_gid );
            $primary_gid = $config{"users_gid"};
        } else {
            if (defined($config{"users_group"})) {
                my @grgid=getgrnam($config{"users_group"});
                my $grgid=$grgid[2];
                debugf( "primary_gid = users_group %s %s\n", $config{"users_group"}, $grgid);
                $primary_gid = $grgid;
            } else {
                debugf( "primary_gid = literal 100\n");
                $primary_gid = 100;
            }
        }
        if( $primary_gid == -1 ) {
            dief( "no primary GID for user set. User not created.\n" );
        }
    }
    debugf( "primary_gid %s, supplemental groups %s\n", $primary_gid, join(", ",@supplemental_groups) );
    if ( defined $ingroup_name || defined $gid_option ) {
        $make_group_also = 0;
        debugf( "set make_group_also 0, neither ingroup_name or gid_option defined\n" );
    }
    check_user_group(0);
    $first_uid = $new_firstuid || $config{"first_uid"};
    $last_uid = $new_lastuid || $config{"last_uid"};
    if ($config{"usergroups"} =~  /yes/i) {
        $first_gid = $first_uid;
        $last_gid = $last_uid;
    } else {
        $first_gid = $new_firstgid || $config{"first_gid"};
        $last_gid = $new_lastgid || $config{"last_gid"};
    }
    debugf( "first_uid %s, last_uid %s, first_gid %s, last_gid %s\n", $first_uid, $last_uid, $first_gid, $last_gid );
    printf (gtx("Adding user `%s' ...\n"),$new_name) if $verbose;

    if (!defined($new_uid)) {
        if ( defined $ingroup_name ) {
            $new_uid = &first_avail_uid( $first_uid,
                                             $last_uid,
                                             $uid_pool{$new_name}{'id'});
        } else {
            my $first_uidgid = ($first_uid, $first_gid)[$first_uid > $first_gid];
            my $last_uidgid  = ($last_uid, $last_gid)[$last_uid < $last_gid];
            # TODO: Check what happens when those ranges do not overlap
            $new_uid = &first_avail_uid_gid( $first_uidgid,
                                             $last_uidgid,
                                             $uid_pool{$new_name}{'id'});
            debugf( "uidgid=%s, from first_uidgid %s, last_uidgid %s\n", $new_uid, $first_uidgid, $last_uidgid);
        }
        # TODO: user can specify different UID and GID here.
        # idea: split handling in uid/gid, which are equally the return value of
        # first_avail_uid_gid. If either pool_id is defined, set uid and gid from
        # distinct first_avail_uid and first_avail_gid calls.

        debugf( "new_uid %s selected\n", $new_uid);
        if ($new_uid == -1) {
            warnf gtx("No UID/GID pair is available in the range %d-%d (FIRST_UID - LAST_UID).\n"),$first_uid,$last_uid;
            dief (gtx("The user `%s' was not created.\n"),$new_name);
        }
        debugf( "gid_option %s, ingroup_name %s\n", $gid_option, $ingroup_name );
        if ( defined $gid_option && $gid_option == -1 && defined $ingroup_name && $ingroup_name == "") {
            warnf gtx("USERGROUPS=no, USER_GID=-1 and USERS_GROUP empty. A user needs a primary group!\n");
            dief (gtx("The user `%s' was not created.\n"), $new_name);
        } elsif (defined($gid_option) && $gid_option != -1) {
            $ingroup_name = getgrgid($gid_option);
            $primary_gid = $gid_option;
            debugf( "gid_option defined and not -1, ingroup_name %s, primary_gid %d\n", $ingroup_name, $primary_gid );
        } elsif ($ingroup_name) {
            $primary_gid = getgrnam($ingroup_name);
            debugf( "ingroup_name defined %s, primary_gid %d\n", $ingroup_name, $primary_gid );
        } elsif ( defined( $primary_gid ) ) {
            $ingroup_name = getgrgid($primary_gid);
            debugf( "primary_gid defined %d, ingroup_name %s\n", $primary_gid, $primary_gid  );
        } else {
            $ingroup_name = 'users';
            $primary_gid = 100;
            debugf( "ingroup_name hard users, primary_gid hard 100\n" );
        }
        if ($make_group_also) {
            $primary_gid = $new_uid;
            $ingroup_name = $new_name;
            debugf( "make_group_also %s, primary_gid %s, ingroup_name %s\n", $make_group_also, $primary_gid, $ingroup_name );
        }
    } else {
        debugf( "new_uid %s, primary_gid %s, ingroup_name %s, make_group_also %s\n", $new_uid, $primary_gid, $ingroup_name, $make_group_also );
        if (defined($gid_option)) {
            $ingroup_name = getgrgid($gid_option);
            $primary_gid = $gid_option;
            debugf( "gid_option defined %s, ingroup_name %s\n", $gid_option, $ingroup_name );
        } elsif (defined($primary_gid) && $primary_gid != -1) {
            $ingroup_name = getgrgid($primary_gid);
            debugf( "primary_gid defined %s, ingroup_name %s\n", $primary_gid, $ingroup_name );
        } elsif ($ingroup_name) {
            $primary_gid = getgrnam($ingroup_name);
            debugf( "ingroup_name defined %s, primary_gid %s\n", $ingroup_name, $primary_gid );
        } elsif ($make_group_also) {
            $primary_gid=$new_uid; $ingroup_name=$new_name;
            debugf( "make_group_also %s, primary_gid defined %s, ingroup_name %s\n", $make_group_also, $primary_gid, $ingroup_name );
        } else {
            debugf( "no gid_option, no primary_gid, no ingroup_name, no make_group_also\n" );
            dief (gtx("Internal error interpreting parameter combination\n"));
        }
    }

    debugf ("make_group_also %s\n", $make_group_also );
    if ($make_group_also) {
        $undogroup = $new_name;
        my $groupadd = &which('groupadd');
        if( defined( $primary_gid ) ) {
           printf (gtx("Adding new group `%s' (%d) ...\n"),$new_name,$primary_gid) if $verbose;
           &systemcall($groupadd, '-g', $primary_gid, $new_name);
        } else {
           printf (gtx("Adding new group `%s' (new group ID) ...\n"),$new_name) if $verbose;
           &systemcall($groupadd, $new_name);
           $primary_gid = getgrnam($new_name);
           debugf( "new group '%s' created with GID %d", $new_name, $primary_gid );
        }
    }

    if ($verbose) {
        my @grgid=getgrgid($primary_gid);
        my $grname=$grgid[0];
        printf gtx("Adding new user `%s' (%d) with group `%s (%d)' ...\n"),$new_name,$new_uid,$grname,$primary_gid;
    }
    $home_dir = $special_home || $uid_pool{$new_name}{'home'} || &homedir($new_name, $ingroup_name);
    if( !$disabled_login ) {
        $shell = $special_shell || $uid_pool{$new_name}{'shell'} || $config{"dshell"};
    } else {
        $shell = $special_shell || $uid_pool{$new_name}{'shell'} || "/usr/sbin/nologin";
    }
    $undouser = $new_name;
    my $useradd = &which('useradd');
    &systemcall($useradd, '-d', $home_dir, '-g', $primary_gid, '-s',
                $shell, '-u', $new_uid, $new_name);

    create_homedir (1); # copy skeleton data

    # useradd without -p has left the account disabled (password string is '!')
    my $yesexpr = langinfo(YESEXPR());
    my $noexpr = langinfo(NOEXPR());
    if ($ask_passwd) {
        PASSWD: for (;;) {
            my $passwd = &which('passwd');
            # do _not_ use systemcall() here, since systemcall() dies on
            # non-zero exit code and we need to do special handling here!
            system($passwd, $new_name);
            my $ok = $?>>8;
            if ($ok != 0) {
                my $answer;
                # hm, error, should we break now?
                warnf (gtx("Permission denied\n")) if ($ok == 1);
                warnf (gtx("invalid combination of options\n")) if ($ok == 2);
                warnf (gtx("unexpected failure, nothing done\n")) if ($ok == 3);
                warnf (gtx("unexpected failure, passwd file missing\n")) if ($ok == 4);
                warnf (gtx("passwd file busy, try again\n")) if ($ok == 5);
                warnf (gtx("invalid argument to option\n")) if ($ok == 6);

                # Translators: [y/N] has to be replaced by values defined in your
                # locale.  You can see by running "locale noexpr" which regular
                # expression will be checked to find positive answer.
                PROMPT: for (;;) {
                    print (gtx("Try again? [y/N] "));
                    chop ($answer=<STDIN>);
                    last PROMPT if ($answer =~ m/$yesexpr/o);
                    last PASSWD if ($answer =~ m/$noexpr/o);
                    last PASSWD if (!$answer);
                }
            } else {
                last; ## passwd ok
            }
        }
    }

    if (defined($new_comment)) {
        &ch_comment($new_comment);
    } elsif ($uid_pool{$new_name}{'comment'}) {
        &ch_comment($uid_pool{$new_name}{'comment'});
    } else {
        my $noexpr = langinfo(NOEXPR());
        my $yesexpr = langinfo(YESEXPR());
        CHFN: for (;;) {
            my $chfn = &which('chfn');
            &systemcall($chfn, $new_name);
            # Translators: [y/N] has to be replaced by values defined in your
            # locale.  You can see by running "locale yesexpr" which regular
            # expression will be checked to find positive answer.
            PROMPT: for (;;) {
                print (gtx("Is the information correct? [Y/n] "));
                chop (my $answer=<STDIN>);
                last PROMPT if ($answer =~ m/$noexpr/o);
                last CHFN if ($answer =~ m/$yesexpr/o);
                last CHFN if (!$answer);
            }
        }
    }

    if ( ( $add_extra_groups || $config{"add_extra_groups"} ) && defined($config{"extra_groups"}) ) {
        push (@supplemental_groups, split(/\s+/,$config{"extra_groups"}));
    }
    if ( @supplemental_groups ) {
        if ($verbose) {
            printf (gtx("Adding new user `%s' to supplemental / extra groups `%s' ...\n"), $new_name, join(", ", @supplemental_groups));
        }
        foreach my $newgrp ( @supplemental_groups ) {
            debugf( "newgrp %s\n", $newgrp);
            if (!defined getgrnam($newgrp)) {
                warnf (gtx("The group `%s' does not exist.\n"),$newgrp);
                next;
            }
            if (&user_is_member($new_name, $newgrp)) {
                warnf gtx("The user `%s' is already a member of `%s'.\n"),
                        $new_name,$newgrp if $verbose;
                next;

            }

            printf gtx("Adding user `%s' to group `%s' ...\n"),$new_name,$newgrp
                if $verbose;
            my $gpasswd = &which('gpasswd');
            &systemcall($gpasswd, '-M',
                        join(',', get_group_members($newgrp), $new_name),
                        $newgrp);
        }
    }


    if ($config{"quotauser"}) {
        printf (gtx("Setting quota for user `%s' to values of user `%s' ...\n"), $new_name, $config{quotauser});
        my $edquota = &which('edquota');
        &systemcall($edquota, '-p', $config{quotauser}, $new_name);
    }

    &systemcall('/usr/local/sbin/adduser.local', $new_name, $new_uid,
            $primary_gid, $home_dir) if (-x "/usr/local/sbin/adduser.local");
    release_lock(0);

    exit RET_OK;
}

#
# we never go here
#


# calculate home directory
sub homedir {
    my $dir = $config{"dhome"};
    $dir .= '/' . $_[1] if ($config{"grouphomes"} =~ /yes/i);
    $dir .= '/' . substr($_[0],0,1) if ($config{"letterhomes"} =~ /yes/i);
    $dir .= '/' . $_[0];
    return $dir;
}


# create_homedir -- create the homedirectory
# parameter
#   1: $copy_skeleton:
#     if 0  -> don't copy the skeleton data
#     if 1  -> copy the files in /etc/skel to the newly created home directory
# return values:
#   none
sub create_homedir {
    my ($copy_skeleton) = @_;

    if ($home_dir =~ /^\/+nonexistent(\/|$)/) {
        printf gtx("Not creating `%s'.\n"), $home_dir if $verbose;
    }
    elsif ($no_create_home) {
        printf gtx("Not creating home directory `%s'.\n"), $home_dir if $verbose;
    }
    elsif (-e $home_dir) {
        warnf gtx("The home directory `%s' already exists.  Not touching this directory.\n"),
        $home_dir if $verbose && !$no_create_home;
        my @homedir_stat = stat($home_dir);
        my $home_uid = $homedir_stat[4];
        my $home_gid = $homedir_stat[5];
        if (($home_uid != $new_uid) || ($home_gid != $primary_gid)) {
            warnf gtx("Warning: The home directory `%s' does not belong to the user you are currently creating.\n"), $home_dir;
        }
        undef @homedir_stat; undef $home_uid; undef $home_gid;
    } else {
        printf gtx("Creating home directory `%s' ...\n"),$home_dir if $verbose;
        $undohome = $home_dir;
        &mktree($home_dir) || &cleanup(sprintf(gtx("Couldn't create home directory `%s': %s.\n"), $home_dir, $!));
        chown($new_uid, $primary_gid, $home_dir)
        || &cleanup("chown $new_uid:$primary_gid $home_dir: $!\n");
        $dir_mode = get_dir_mode();
        chmod ($dir_mode, $home_dir) ||
        &cleanup("chmod $dir_mode $home_dir: $!\n");

        if ($config{"skel"} && $copy_skeleton) {
            printf gtx("Copying files from `%s' ...\n"),$config{skel} if $verbose;
            open(my $FIND, "cd $config{skel}; find .  -print |")
                || &cleanup(sprintf(gtx("fork for `find' failed: %s\n"), $!));
            while (<$FIND>) {
                chop;
                next if ($_ eq ".");
                next if ($_ =~ qr/$config{skel_ignore_regex}/ );
                &copy_to_dir($config{"skel"}, $_, $home_dir, $new_uid,
                    $primary_gid, ($config{"setgid_home"} =~ /yes/i));
            }
        }
    }
}

# mktree: create a directory and all parent directories, we don't care about the rights and so on
# parameters:
#   tree: the path
# return values:
#   none
sub mktree {
    my($tree) = @_;
    my($done, @path);
    my $default_dir_mode = 0755;

    $tree =~ s:^/*(.*)/*$:$1:; # chop off leading & trailing slashes
    @path = split(/\//, $tree);

    $done = "";
    while (@path) {
        $done .= '/' . shift(@path);
        -d $done || mkdir($done, $default_dir_mode) || return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}

# existing_user_ok: check if there's already a user present on the system which satisfies the requirements
# parameter:
#   new_name: the name of the user to check
#   new_uid : the UID of the user
# return values:
#   0 if the the user doesn't exist
#   1 if the user already exists with the specified uid (or $new_uid wasn't specified)
#   2 if the user already exists, but $new_uid doesn't matches its uid
sub existing_user_ok {
    my($new_name,$new_uid) = @_;
    my ($dummy1,$dummy2,$uid);
    if (($dummy1,$dummy2,$uid) = getpwnam($new_name)) {
        if( defined($new_uid) && $uid == $new_uid ) {
            return 1;
        }
        if (! defined($new_uid)) {
            return 1;
        }
        # TODO: do we really need this code? Range check shouldn't performed here
        # also, we might be checking a normal user as well here
        if( $uid >= $config{"first_system_uid"} &&
            $uid <= $config{"last_system_uid" } ) {
            return 2;
        }
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
}

# existing_group_ok: check if there's already a group which satiesfies the requirements
# parameter:
#   new_name: the name of the group
#   new_gid : the GID of the group
# return values:
#   0 if the group doesn't exist
#   1 if the group already exists with the specified gid (or $gid_option wasn't specified)
#   2 if the group already exists, but $gid_option doesn't match its gid
#   3 if the group already exists inside the system range
sub existing_group_ok {
    my($new_name,$new_gid) = @_;
    my ($dummy1,$dummy2,$gid);
    if (($dummy1,$dummy2,$gid) = getgrnam($new_name)) {

        # TODO: is this check required? There shouldn't be any gid outside of our allowed range anyways ...
        # also, we might be checking a normal user as well here
        if( $gid >= $config{"first_system_gid"} &&
            $gid <= $config{"last_system_gid" } ) {
            return 3;
        }
        if (! defined($new_gid)) {
            return 1;
        }
        if ($gid == $new_gid) {
            return 1;
        } else {
            return 2;
        }
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
}



# check_user_group: ???
# parameters:
#   system: 0 if the user isn't a system user, 1 otherwise
# return values:
#
# todo: not sure whether global variables apply fine here.
sub check_user_group {
    my ($system) = @_;
    debugf( "check_user_group %s called, make_group_also %s\n", $system, $make_group_also );
    if( !$system || !existing_user_ok($new_name, $new_uid) ) {
        if( defined getpwnam($new_name) ) {
            if( $system ) {
                dief (gtx("The user `%s' already exists, and is not a system user.\n"),$new_name);
            } else {
                dief (gtx("The user `%s' already exists.\n"),$new_name);
            }
        }
        dief (gtx("The UID %d is already in use.\n"),$new_uid)
            if (defined($new_uid) && getpwuid($new_uid));
    }
    if ($make_group_also) {
        debugf( "make_group_also 1, new_name %s, new_uid %s\n", $new_name, $new_uid );
        if( !$system || !existing_group_ok($new_name, $new_uid) ) {
            dief (gtx("The group `%s' already exists.\n"),$new_name)
                if (defined getgrnam($new_name));
            dief (gtx("The GID %d is already in use.\n"),$new_uid)
                if (defined($new_uid) && defined(getgrgid($new_uid)));
        }
    } else {
        dief (gtx("The group `%s' does not exist.\n"),$ingroup_name)
            if ($ingroup_name && !defined(getgrnam($ingroup_name)));
        dief (gtx("The GID %d does not exist.\n"),$gid_option)
            if (defined($gid_option) && !defined(getgrgid($gid_option)));
    }
    debugf( "return from check_user_group\n" );
}


# copy_to_dir :
# parameters:
#   fromdir
#   file
#   todir
#   newi
#   newg
#   sgiddir
# return values:
#   none
sub copy_to_dir {
    my($fromdir, $file, $todir, $newu, $newg, $sgiddir) = @_;

    if (-l "$fromdir/$file") {
        my $target=readlink("$fromdir/$file") or &cleanup("readlink: $!\n");
        my $curgid="$)";
        my $curuid="$>";
        my $error="";
        $)="$newg";
        $>="$newu";
        symlink("$target", "$todir/$file") or $error="$!";
        $>="$curuid";
        $)="$curgid";
        if( "$error" ne "" ) {
            &cleanup("symlink: $!\n");
        }
        return;
    } elsif (-f "$fromdir/$file") {
        open (FILE, "$fromdir/$file") || &cleanup("open $fromdir/$file: $!");
        open (NEWFILE, ">$todir/$file") || &cleanup("open >$todir/$file: $!");

        (print NEWFILE <FILE>) || &cleanup("print $todir/$file: $!");
        close FILE;
        close(NEWFILE)  || &cleanup("close $todir/$file ");
    } elsif (-d "$fromdir/$file") {
        mkdir("$todir/$file", 700) || &cleanup("mkdir: $!");
    } else {
        &cleanup(sprintf((gtx("Cannot deal with %s.\nIt is not a dir, file, or symlink.\n")), "$fromdir/$file"));
    }

    chown($newu, $newg, "$todir/$file")
        || &cleanup("chown $newu:$newg $todir/$file: $!\n");
    $perm = (stat("$fromdir/$file"))[2] & 07777;
    $perm |= 02000 if (-d "$fromdir/$file" && ($perm & 010) && $sgiddir);
    chmod($perm, "$todir/$file") || &cleanup("chmod $todir/$file: $!\n");
}


# checkname: perform some sanity checks
# parameters:
#   name: the name to check
# return values:
#   none (exits on error)
sub checkname {
    my ($name) = @_;

    my $ieee_regex = '^[_.A-Za-z0-9][-\@_.A-Za-z0-9]*\$?$';
    my $min_regex = qr{^[^-+~:,\s/][^:,\s/]*$};
    my $name_regex_var = $found_sys_opt ? 'SYS_NAME_REGEX' : 'NAME_REGEX';
    my $name_regex = $config{lc $name_regex_var};

    if ($name =~ /^[\d]+$/) {
        # this check cannot be turned off
        warnf gtx("To avoid ambiguity with numerical UIDs, usernames which
            consist of only digits are not allowed.\n");
        exit RET_INVALID_CHARS_IN_NAME;
    }

    if (length $name > 32) {
        # this check cannot be turned off
        warnf gtx("Usernames must be no more than 32 bytes in length;
            note that if you are using Unicode characters, the character
            limit will be less than 32.\n");
        exit RET_INVALID_CHARS_IN_NAME;
    }

    if ($name !~ $min_regex) {
        # this check cannot be turned off
        warnf gtx("To avoid problems, the username must not start with a
            dash, plus sign, or tilde, and it must not contain any of the
            following: colon, comma, slash, or any whitespace characters
            including spaces, tabs, and newlines.\n");
        exit RET_INVALID_CHARS_IN_NAME;
    }

    return if ($name =~ qr/$name_regex/);

    if ($name !~ $ieee_regex && $name_check_level < 2) {
        warnf (gtx("To avoid problems, the username should consist only of
            letters, digits, underscores, periods, at signs and dashes, and
            not start with a dash (as defined by IEEE Std 1003.1-2001). For
            compatibility with Samba machine accounts, \$ is also supported
            at the end of the username.  (Use the `--allow-all-names' option
            to bypass this restriction.)\n"));
        exit RET_INVALID_CHARS_IN_NAME;
    }

    if ($name_check_level) {
        print (gtx("Allowing use of questionable username.\n")) if ($verbose);
    } else {
        warnf (gtx("Please enter a username matching the regular expression
            configured via the %s configuration variable.  Use the
            `--allow-bad-names' option to relax this check or reconfigure
            %s in configuration.\n"), $name_regex_var, $name_regex_var);
        exit RET_INVALID_CHARS_IN_NAME;
    }
}

# first_avail_uid: return the first available uid in given range
# parameters:
#   min, max: the range
#   pool_id: user id suggested from pool
# return values:
#   -1 if no free uid is available
#  otherwise the choosen uid
sub first_avail_uid {
    my ($min, $max, $pool_id) = @_;
    if (defined ($pool_id)) {
        return $pool_id if (!defined(getpwuid($pool_id)));
        return -1;
    }
    printf (gtx("Selecting UID from range %d to %d ...\n"),$min,$max) if ($verbose > 1);

    my $t = $min;
    while ($t <= $max) {
       return $t if (!defined(getpwuid($t)));
       $t++;
    }
    return -1; # nothing available
}

# first_avail_gid: return the first available gid in given range
# parameters:
#   min, max: the range
#   pool_id: group id suggested from pool
# return values:
#   -1 if no free gid is available
#   otherwise the choosen gid
sub first_avail_gid {
    my ($min, $max, $pool_id) = @_;
    if (defined ($pool_id)) {
        return $pool_id if (!defined(getgrgid($pool_id)));
        return -1;
    }
    printf (gtx("Selecting GID from range %d to %d ...\n"),$min,$max) if ($verbose > 1);

    my $t = $min;
    while ($t <= $max) {
       return $t if (!defined(getgrgid($t)));
       $t++;
    }
    return -1; # nothing available
}

# first_avail_uid_gid: return the first available id in given range
#     that is both available as uid and gid
# parameters:
#   min, max: the range
#   pool_id: user id suggested from pool
# return values:
#   -1 if no free id is available
#   otherwise the choosen id
sub first_avail_uid_gid {
    my ($min, $max, $pool_id) = @_;
    if (defined ($pool_id)) {
        return $pool_id if (!defined(getgrgid($pool_id)));
        return -1;
    }
    printf (gtx("Selecting UID/GID from range %d to %d ...\n"),$min,$max) if ($verbose > 1);

    my $t = $min;
    while ($t <= $max) {
       return $t if (!defined(getgrgid($t)) && !defined(getpwuid($t)));
       $t++;
    }
    return -1; # nothing available
}

sub ch_comment {
    my $chfn = &which('chfn');
    my $comment = shift;
    if($comment =~ /,/) {
        my($comment_name,$comment_room,$comment_work,$comment_home,$comment_other)
          = split(/,/,$comment);
 
        &systemcall($chfn, '-f', $comment_name, '-r', $comment_room, $new_name);
        &systemcall($chfn,'-w',$comment_work,$new_name)
          if(defined($comment_work));
        &systemcall($chfn,'-h',$comment_home,$new_name)
          if(defined($comment_home));
        &systemcall($chfn,'-o',$comment_other,$new_name)
          if(defined($comment_other));
    } else {
        &systemcall($chfn, '-f', $comment, $new_name);
    }
}

# user is member of group?
sub user_is_member {
    my($user, $group) = @_;
    for (split(/ /, (getgrnam($group))[3])) {
        return 1 if ($user eq $_);
    }
    return 0;
}


sub cleanup {
    my ($msg) = @_;
    printf (gtx("Stopped: %s\n"),$msg);
    if ($undohome) {
        printf (gtx("Removing directory `%s' ...\n"),$undohome);
        &systemcall('rm', '-rf', $undohome);
    }
    if ($undouser) {
        printf (gtx("Removing user `%s' ...\n"),$undouser);
        &systemcall('userdel', $undouser);
    }
    if ($undogroup) {
        printf (gtx("Removing group `%s' ...\n"),$undogroup);
        &systemcall('groupdel', $undogroup);
    }
    exit RET_ADDUSER_ABORTED;
}

sub handler {
    my($sig) = @_;
    # Translators: the variable %s is INT, QUIT, or HUP.
    # Please do not insert a space character between SIG and %s.
    &cleanup(sprintf(gtx("Caught a SIG%s.\n"), $sig));
}


sub version {
    printf (gtx("adduser version %s\n\n"), $version);
    print gtx("Adds a user or group to the system.

For detailed copyright information, please refer to
/usr/share/doc/adduser/copyright.
\n");
    print gtx(
"This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
General Public License, /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL, for more details.
");
}

sub usage {
    printf gtx(
"adduser [--uid id] [--firstuid id] [--lastuid id]
        [--gid id] [--firstgid id] [--lastgid id] [--ingroup group]
        [--add-extra-groups] [--shell shell]
        [--comment comment] [--home dir] [--no-create-home]
        [--allow-all-names] [--allow-bad-names]
        [--disabled-password] [--disabled-login]
        [--conf file] [--quiet] [--verbose] [--debug]
        user
    Add a normal user

adduser --system
        [--uid id] [--group] [--ingroup group] [--gid id]
        [--shell shell] [--comment comment] [--home dir] [--no-create-home]
        [--conf file] [--quiet] [--verbose] [--debug]
        user
   Add a system user

adduser --group
        [--gid ID] [--firstgid id] [--lastgid id]
        [--conf file] [--quiet] [--verbose] [--debug]
        group
addgroup
        [--gid ID] [--firstgid id] [--lastgid id]
        [--conf file] [--quiet] [--verbose] [--debug]
        group
   Add a user group

addgroup --system
        [--gid id]
        [--conf file] [--quiet] [--verbose] [--debug]
        group
   Add a system group

adduser USER GROUP
   Add an existing user to an existing group\n");
}

sub usage_error {
    &usage;
    exit(RET_INVALID_CALL);
}

# get_dir_mode: return the appropriate permissions mode for a home directory
# parameters:
#   none
# return value:
#   a valid octal mode
sub get_dir_mode
  {
    my $setgid = $config{"setgid_home"} =~ /yes/i;
    my $mode = $found_sys_opt
      ? $config{"sys_dir_mode"}
      : $config{"dir_mode"};

    if(!defined($mode) || ! ($mode =~ /[0-7]{3}/ || $mode =~ /[0-7]{4}/)) {
        $mode = ($found_sys_opt) ? "755" : "0700";
    }

    if($setgid && (length($mode) == 3 || $mode =~ /^[0-1|4-5][0-7]{3}$/)) {
        $mode += 2000;
    }

    return oct($mode);
  }

# Local Variables:
# mode:cperl
# cperl-indent-level:4
# End:

# vim: tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 expandtab